1. Shadow Puppets
Wayang Kulit is one of the traditional arts that has developed in Javanese society. Wayang kulit itself is played by a puppeteer who is also the narrator of the dialogue in the puppet characters, accompanied by gamelan music played by a group of nayaga and songs sung by the singer.
Being a puppeteer should not be played by just anyone. Besides having to be good at playing puppets, the puppeteer must also know various stories in wayang such as Mahabrata and Ramayana. In the past, puppeteers were considered to be a noble profession, because the people who became masterminds were usually people who were respected, knowledgeable, and had good character.
Wayang kulit itself is believed to be the embryo of the various types of puppets that exist. This type of puppet is made from dried buffalo skin. In order for the puppet movement to look dynamic, the elbows of the body are connected with screws made of buffalo horn.
The following is a video of wayang kulit performances in Indonesia, precisely in Java :
2. Bamboo Puppets
Wayang bambu is a type of puppet made from bamboo trees, which is more accurate than bamboo twigs woven into wayang. In fact, these bamboo puppets were often performed in ancient times. However, this traditional art never disappeared and was almost extinct.
After a long absence, the bamboo puppet was again popularized by an artist as well as a puppeteer named Ki Drajat from Bogor, West Java. Ki Drajat made bamboo puppets back in the area where he lived. Then various performances he often held for various events such as weddings and circumcisions.
In contrast to the puppet art which usually tells the story of Mahabharata or Ramayana, the unique story in the bamboo puppet show by Ki Drajat was made himself. Where the story tells the story of everyday life that is being discussed by the community.
3. Puppet Show
Wayang Golek is one of the traditional arts originating from Indonesia, especially from West Java. In making wayang golek itself, the material used is wood, which is a little different from other types of puppets.
The wayang golek itself is a little different from the wayang kulit, leather puppets are usually played at night, but for the puppet show itself, it can be played in the morning or at night.
The beginning of the history of Wayang Golek itself began in the 17th century. At first, the Wayang Golek art emerged and was born in the northern coastal area of the island of Java. According to legend, Sunan Suci used this Wayang Golek to spread Islam in society. At that time, the Wayang Golek performance still used Javanese in its dialogue. This Wayang Golek art began to develop in West Java during the expansion of the Mataram Sultanate.
Wayang Golek began to develop with Sundanese language as the dialogue for the performance. In addition to being a medium for spreading religion, Wayang Golek serves to complement thanksgiving or ruwatan events. At that time the Wayang Golek performance was still without using the sinden as accompaniment. Wayang Golek began to use sinden accompaniment in the 1920s. Until now, Wayang Golek continues to develop as entertainment for the community, especially in Sundanese land.
4. Puppet People
Wayang Orang is a wayang art that is demonstrated by using humans as characters in the story itself.
Wayang Orang is a traditional art that combines dance, drama, music and fine arts. The story of wayang orang itself originates from the Mahabarata and Ramayana plays which are not much different from other puppets. Wayang orang is a cultural product with a philosophy and education that teaches us to understand the philosophy of life, ethics, and moral requirements in life and apply it in everyday life.
The interesting thing in this puppet show is that there is an individual dance per player in each story. This art also features punakawan figures as an atmosphere breaker that describes the conditions of kawulo alit or the general public and the courtiers.
Wayang orang performances were held for the first time at almost the same time in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta under the control of Sultan Hamengkubuwono I and at Praja Mangkunegaran Surakarta during the Adipati Mangkunegara I era. Wayang orang is thought to have appeared in the 18th century.
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